Pan Nigerian Alphabet

Ray Larabie

Does anyone have any insight on how the Pan Nigerian alphabet is used? I could only find a couple of examples of it used on the web and I was unable to find Google images of Nigerian signs that didn't use plain old A-Z. I get the feeling that it's only used by linguists and other scholars but I'm unsure.

ƁƊƎỊƘỌṢỤ ɓɗǝịƙọṣụ

Andreas Stötzner

I think it is only used by some authors of Wiki articles. I found nothing else.

Adam Jagosz

Interestingly, the German Wiki shows a different version of that alphabet than the other ones. That might imply something about the alphabet's real life popularity. As much as I enjoy learning German, I'm only a beginner. Andreas, maybe you could shed some light?

Michel Boyer

The French wiki is rather explicit and states the poor success of the alphabet as well as

In practice, the Pan-Nigerian alphabet does not allow the written transcription of all the languages of Nigeria but could serve as a reference for the setting up of other alphabets for Africa, such as the international alphabet of Niamey.

At the end it states that the following characters are necessary to cover all the scripts used in Nigeria

ā a̱ ạ ḅ ɓ ḍ ɗ e̱ ẹ ɛ ə ḥ ị ɨ ƙ ṅ ṇ ŋ ñ n̄ o̱ ọ ɔ ʌ ṣ ụ ʼw ʼy ẓ ʼ

Andreas Stötzner

I’m not really informed about details. I only know that there are different versions of the Pan-Nigerian and Niamey alphabets and this seems to have caused differences in various articles about the matter. - which in itself may be an indicator for the lack of real-world relevance of these char. sets. Who cares?!

Adam Jagosz

I guess there might be a few, but they are few. As a result, the educated individuals from these peoples probably don't find writing their native languages important. And when the need arises, using basic latin and a lot of digraphs suffices and is more handy. Not so much for the linguists, though.

Igor Freiberger

Please keep in mind that Pan-Nigerian alphabet was a try to establish a set capable to support all languages of Nigerian area. Even Hermann Zapf worked on this. It is not an alphabet to a given language, the reason why it is called a theoretical alphabet. Thus, a search for samples of Pan-Nigerian will not bring good results. Instead of this, you should search for individual Nigerian languages (there are more than 500).

The official idiom of Nigeria is English, but the characters added by Pan-Nigerian alphabet are used in local languages – Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Urhobo, Ijaw and Edo are among the more used. As Michel already pointed, the Pan-Nigerian alphabet proved too short to its planned target, so other characters need to be considered for a proper support.

Another relevant aspect is that Pan-Nigerian area also embraces Benin and Cameroon. The whole region is especially complex regarding langues and orthographies.

[...] the educated individuals from these peoples probably don't find writing their native languages important

Definitively not. The lack of development of any area does not mean their people do not find their language (and its writing) important. The absence of adequate ways to reproduce texts was/is a major obstacle to local language in all colonies – since typewriters to digital fonts. Some languages even dropped characters that today are encoded and may be reincorporated into use. It is much more a lack of resources than a lack of perceived importance.

Anyway, some alphabets could be used by numerous people in some places or ethnical groups. Hausa is used by more than 41 million of people. If just 5% of them write in Hausa, this is enough to have a large public. And even among communities where original languages are hardly written, many times there are initiatives to improve people literacy. Finally, it is good to remember that even European languages were once hardly written outside abbeys, what never pointed to lack of importance.

So, Pan-Nigerian is fully important for any font with support for several African languages, although not enough to a wide support.

For additional info, I suggest a search of posts from John Hudson and Denis Jacquerye in old Typophile threads.

Denis Moyogo Jacquerye

The Pan Nigerian alphabet is used by some publishers but I wouldn’t say it’s limited to linguistics or scholarly works. Newspapers also use the alphabet, for example Yoruba newspapers like Alaroye or Iroyin Wurọ.
Some major websites in Hausa use some of its letters (ɓɗƙ) like http://www.bbc.com/hausa or http://www.dw.com/ha/.

Of course many don’t use those Pan Nigerian alphabet letter in those languages but, to be fair, it’s still very tough to use this alphabet since there are very few fonts that support it properly (ahem) and there’s generally no pre-installed adequate input method (but that’s getting better, for example on Windows 10).